Acne is caused by multiple factors, with excess oil production being the most common. Other contributing factors include:

Hormonal changes: Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause lead to hormone fluctuations, which can increase the skin’s oil production.

Genetics: If your parents had acne, you’re more likely to have it, too.

Diet: Some people may experience a link between their breakouts and certain foods, such as dairy or high-carb foods.

Cosmetic products: Certain products, like oil-based makeup, sunscreens, and haircare products can clog pores.

Stress: Hormones released during times of stress, like cortisol, can increase inflammation and oil production.

A board-certified dermatologist can evaluate your skin to determine which type of acne you have and recommend the most effective treatment. The most common types of acne are:

Comedonal acne: Blackheads and whiteheads
Hormonal acne: Breakouts on the lower face, jawline, or neck, often related to hormone fluctuations
Cystic acne: Deep, sometimes painful pimples that may be pus-filled
Fungal acne: Inflamed or itchy breakouts as a result of yeast getting into the hair follicles
Nodular acne: Large, deep pimples beneath the skin that can persist for weeks

Every acne treatment plan is tailored to each individual based on your type of acne, skin type, and lifestyle. Treatment typically includes one or more of the following:

Topical treatments: Active ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, retinoids, and antibiotics help kill bacteria, reduce inflammation, and promote the shedding of dead skin cells.

Oral medications: Antibiotics and hormone-based treatments, like birth control, kill bacteria and help regulate hormone levels.

Cosmetic treatments: Therapies like chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser and light treatments can reduce the appearance of acne, and support long-term skin health.